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Reviews of "Clinical Outcomes After the Introduction of Dolutegravir for Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study"

Reviewers: T Ruel (UCSF) | πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜ β€’ T Puthanakit (Chulalongkorn University) and T Bunupuradah (HIV-NAT) | πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜

Published onSep 11, 2023
Reviews of "Clinical Outcomes After the Introduction of Dolutegravir for Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study"
key-enterThis Pub is a Review of
Clinical outcomes after the introduction of dolutegravir for second-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study
Clinical outcomes after the introduction of dolutegravir for second-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study
Description

ABSTRACT Background Dolutegravir is now recommended for second-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries. We compared outcomes with dolutegravir (DTG) versus the previous lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) regimen in South Africa.Methods We used routinely collected, de-identified data from 59 South African clinics. We included people living with HIV aged β‰₯ 15 years with virologic failure (two consecutive viral loads β‰₯1000 copies/mL) on first-line tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based ART and switched to second-line ART. We used modified Poisson regression models to compare outcomes of 12-month retention-in-care and viral suppression (<50 copies/ml) after switching to second-line regimens of zidovudine (AZT), emtricitabine/lamivudine (XTC), DTG and TDF/XTC/DTG and AZT/XTC/LPV/r.Findings Of 1214 participants, 729 (60.0%) were female, median age was 36 years (interquartile range 30 to 42), 689 (56.8%) were switched to AZT/XTC/LPV/r, 217 (17.9%) to AZT/XTC/DTG and 308 (25.4%) to TDF/XTC/DTG. Retention-in-care was higher with AZT/XTC/DTG (85.7%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.27; adjusted risk difference (aRD) 10.89%, 95%CI 2.01 to 19.78) but not different with TDF/XTC/DTG (76.9%, aRR 1.01, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.10; aRD 1.04%, 95%CI -5.03 to 7.12) compared to AZT/XTC/LPV/r (75.2%). Retention-in-care with TDF/XTC/DTG was not statistically significantly different from AZT/XTC/DTG (aRR 0.89, 95%CI 0.78 to 1.01; aRD - 9.85%, 95%CI -20.33 to 0.63). Of 799 participants who were retained-in-care with a 12-month viral load, viral suppression was higher with AZT/XTC/DTG (59.3%, aRR 1.25, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.47; aRD 11.57%, 95%CI 2.37 to 20.76) and TDF/XTC/DTG (60.7%, aRR 1.30, 95%CI 1.14 to 1.48; aRD 14.16%, 95%CI 7.14 to 21.18) than with the AZT/XTC/LPV/r regimen (46.7%).Interpretation DTG-based second-line regimens were associated with similar or better retention-in-care and better viral suppression than the LPV/r-based regimen. TDF/XTC/DTG had similar viral suppression compared to AZT/XTC/DTG.Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Africa Oxford Initiative.

To read the original manuscript, click the link above.

Summary of Reviews: This retrospective cohort study across clinics in South Africa evaluated retention-in-care and viral suppression in patients switched to second-line HIV treatment. They find overall better performance for dolutegravir-based treatment regimens compared to lopinavir/ritonavir regimens. Reviewers deemed the evidence supporting these claims to be β€œstrong”, with sound methodology ultimately backing up other recent studies and recommendations by the World Health Organization.

Reviewer 1 (Theodore R…) | πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜

Reviewer 2 (Thanyawee P… & Torsak B…) | πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜

RR:C19 Strength of Evidence Scale Key

πŸ“• ◻️◻️◻️◻️ = Misleading

πŸ“™πŸ“™ ◻️◻️◻️ = Not Informative

πŸ“’πŸ“’πŸ“’ ◻️◻️ = Potentially Informative

πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—β—»οΈ = Reliable

πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜ = Strong

To read the reviews, click the links below.Β 

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