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Reviews of "Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated individuals"

Reviewers: Art Reingold (UC Berkeley) | πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—β—»οΈ β€’ Konstantin Chumakov (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) | πŸ“’πŸ“’πŸ“’β—»οΈβ—»οΈ β€’ Shivakumar Narayanan, Shyam Kottilil, Joel V. Chua (University of Maryland School of Medicine) | πŸ“’πŸ“’πŸ“’β—»οΈβ—»οΈ

Published onApr 15, 2021
Reviews of "Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated individuals"
key-enterThis Pub is a Review of
Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated individuals
Description

SummaryThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been raging for over a year, creating global detrimental impact. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine has demonstrated high protection levels, yet apprehension exists that several variants of concerns (VOCs) can surmount the immune defenses generated by the vaccines. Neutralization assays have revealed some reduction in neutralization of VOCs B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, but the relevance of these assays in real life remains unclear. Here, we performed a case-control study that examined whether BNT162b2 vaccinees with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to become infected with B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 compared with unvaccinated individuals. Vaccinees infected at least a week after the second dose were disproportionally infected with B.1.351 (odds ratio of 8:1). Those infected between two weeks after the first dose and one week after the second dose, were disproportionally infected by B.1.1.7 (odds ratio of 26:10), suggesting reduced vaccine effectiveness against both VOCs under different dosage/timing conditions. Nevertheless, the B.1.351 incidence in Israel to-date remains low and vaccine effectiveness remains high against B.1.1.7, among those fully vaccinated. These results overall suggest that vaccine breakthrough infection is more frequent with both VOCs, yet a combination of mass-vaccination with two doses coupled with non-pharmaceutical interventions control and contain their spread.

RR:C19 Editorial Team Comment

As vaccine shots go into arms around the world and SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to spread, people want to know to what extent COVID-19 vaccines protect against infection from previously identified Variants of Concern (VOCs). Early studies measuring the neutralizing ability of antibodies isolated from vaccinated individuals offered mixed results against different VOCs, and these reports also did not take into account other known in vivo mechanisms of viral clearance. This preprint seeks to address these outstanding questions.

In this study, authors examined clinical data from individuals vaccinated with the BNT-162b2 mRNA vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer) who had a positive PCR test between 14 days after their first dose and 7 days after their second dose. The study found that partially and fully vaccinated individuals, when compared to demographically- and temporally-matched unvaccinated individuals, were more likely to be infected with VOCs than with the wildtype, or β€œoriginal,” strain of SARS-CoV-2. Partially vaccinated individuals were more likely than unvaccinated individuals to be infected with the B.1.1.7 strain (β€œU.K. variant”) than with the wildtype strain. Fully vaccinated individuals were more likely than unvaccinated individuals to be infected with the B.1.351 strain (β€œSouth African variant”) than with the wildtype strain.

These results, if verified, suggest that the B.1.1.7/U.K. variant is more effective at breaking through partial vaccination than the wildtype strain; and that the B.1.351/S.A. variant is more effective at breaking through full vaccination than the wildtype strain.

Rapid Reviews: COVID-19Β consulted experts to review the strength of the data and claims, which can be found below. While this study must be understood in the context of other studies focused on vaccine efficacy overall against all strains of SARS-CoV-2, the conclusions of this study may have important public health implications, particularly for delayed vaccine dosing.

(RR:C19 Editorial Team Comment | Written by Christine Davis (MIT) and Michael Cronce (UC Berkeley)

Summary of Reviews: This preprint investigates SARS-CoV-2 variant breakthrough rates and finds VOCs more prevalent in COVID19+ vaccinees relative to the unvaccinated. Reviewers deem claims compelling, but warn findings do not concern disease severity and larger follow-up studies are needed.

To read the original manuscript, click the link above. To read the peer reviews, click the links below.

Reviewer 1 (Art Reingold) | πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—β—»οΈ

Reviewer 2 (Konstantin Chumakov) | πŸ“’πŸ“’πŸ“’ ◻️◻️

Reviewer 3 (Shivakumar Narayanan,Β Shyam Kottilil,Β Joel V. Chua) | πŸ“’πŸ“’πŸ“’ ◻️◻️

RR:C19 Strength of Evidence Scale Key

πŸ“• ◻️◻️◻️◻️ = Misleading

πŸ“™πŸ“™ ◻️◻️◻️ = Not Informative

πŸ“’πŸ“’πŸ“’ ◻️◻️ = Potentially Informative

πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—πŸ“—β—»οΈ = Reliable

πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜πŸ“˜ = Strong

To read the reviews, click the links below.

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A Supplement to this Pub
Description

This preprint investigates SARS-CoV-2 variant breakthrough rates and finds VOCs more prevalent in COVID19+ vaccinees relative to the unvaccinated. Reviewers deem claims compelling, but warn findings do not concern disease severity and larger follow-up studies are needed.

Comments
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