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Reviews of "Estimating the Reproduction Number and Transmission Heterogeneity from the Size Distribution of Clusters of Identical Pathogen Sequences"

Reviewers: Y Zhang (Peking University) | ๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’ โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ โ€ข L White (Boston University) | ๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—โ—ป๏ธ โ€ข M Lau (Emory University) | ๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ โ€ข S Roy (University of Alabama in Huntsville) | ๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ โ€ข J Stockdale & S Molan (Simon Fraser University) | ๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—โ—ป๏ธ

Published onMar 13, 2024
Reviews of "Estimating the Reproduction Number and Transmission Heterogeneity from the Size Distribution of Clusters of Identical Pathogen Sequences"
key-enterThis Pub is a Review of
Estimating the reproduction number and transmission heterogeneity from the size distribution of clusters of identical pathogen sequences
Estimating the reproduction number and transmission heterogeneity from the size distribution of clusters of identical pathogen sequences
Description

Abstract Quantifying transmission intensity and heterogeneity is crucial to ascertain the threat posed by infectious diseases and inform the design of interventions. Methods that jointly estimate the reproduction number R and the dispersion parameter k have however mainly remained limited to the analysis of epidemiological clusters or contact tracing data, whose collection often proves difficult. Here, we show that clusters of identical sequences are imprinted by the pathogen offspring distribution, and we derive an analytical formula for the distribution of the size of these clusters. We develop and evaluate a novel inference framework to jointly estimate the reproduction number and the dispersion parameter from the size distribution of clusters of identical sequences. We then illustrate its application across a range of epidemiological situations. Finally, we develop a hypothesis testing framework relying on clusters of identical sequences to determine whether a given pathogen genetic subpopulation is associated with increased or reduced transmissibility. Our work provides new tools to estimate the reproduction number and transmission heterogeneity from pathogen sequences without building a phylogenetic tree, thus making it easily scalable to large pathogen genome datasets.Significance statement For many infectious diseases, a small fraction of individuals has been documented to disproportionately contribute to onward spread. Characterizing the extent of superspreading is a crucial step towards the implementation of efficient interventions. Despite its epidemiological relevance, it remains difficult to quantify transmission heterogeneity. Here, we present a novel inference framework harnessing the size of clusters of identical pathogen sequences to estimate the reproduction number and the dispersion parameter. We also show that the size of these clusters can be used to estimate the transmission advantage of a pathogen genetic variant. This work provides crucial new tools to better characterize the spread of pathogens and evaluate their control.

To read the original manuscript, click the link above.

Summary of Reviews: This preprint proposes using sequencing to estimate transmission dynamics of infectious pathogen, based on their genomic data, as an alternative to contact tracing. This method is easily scalable to large pathogen genome datasets. Overall, reviewers find the proposed method to be novel and validated with synthetic and historical epidemic data. However, they expressed concerns about the uncertainty in quantifying the magnitude of the estimation bias and the validity of this method in the case of an outbreak.

Reviewer 1 (Yunjun Zโ€ฆ) | ๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’ โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ

Reviewer 2 (Laura Wโ€ฆ) | ๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—โ—ป๏ธ

Reviewer 3 (Max Lโ€ฆ) | ๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’ โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ

Reviewer 4 (Satyaki Rโ€ฆ) | ๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’ โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ

Reviewer 5 (Jessica Sโ€ฆ & Shabnam Mโ€ฆ) | ๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—โ—ป๏ธ

RR:C19 Strength of Evidence Scale Key

๐Ÿ“• โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ = Misleading

๐Ÿ“™๐Ÿ“™ โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ = Not Informative

๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’๐Ÿ“’ โ—ป๏ธโ—ป๏ธ = Potentially Informative

๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—๐Ÿ“—โ—ป๏ธ = Reliable

๐Ÿ“˜๐Ÿ“˜๐Ÿ“˜๐Ÿ“˜๐Ÿ“˜ = Strong

To read the reviews, click the links below.ย 

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This analysis of cluster size distributions provides essential insights into the reproduction number and transmission patterns of pathogens, aiding in more effective disease control strategies.
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Jake Taylor:

The reviewers appreciate the novel approach of estimating transmission dynamics using pathogen genomic data but have raised concerns about potential biases and its applicability during outbreaks.

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Paul Johnson:

I have read your entire review. I changed my mind after reading your article. It helps me gain heardle 80s more useful knowledge. Thank you for sharing

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